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英語的聲音

有聲和無聲子音: 有聲和無聲的發音

A. Put your hand on your throat and say zz (the last sound in the word buzz). You should feel a vibration. Put your hand on your throat and say s (the last sound in bus). You should feel no vibration. (將你的手放在喉嚨上，說 zz (buzz 這個字的最後一個音)。你應該感覺到振動。將你的手放在喉嚨上，說 s (bus 的最後一個音)。你不應該感覺到振動。)

Voiced

But,  rib,  very,        have,do,made,zoo,raise

Unvoiced

Putt,rip,ferry,half,two,mate,Sue,race

Voiced

That,breathe,unusual,pleasure,goat,rag,Jerry,ridge

Unvoiced

Thank,breath,sheep,pressure,coat,rack,cherry,rich

Voiced

Map,nap,sang,lap,rap,west,yes      

B. When you say the unvoiced consonants p, t, and k at the beginnings of words and stressed syllables, blow out a strong puff of air. This is called aspiration. (當你在說字首和重音節前的無聲子音 p，t 和 k 時，用力吹一口氣。這稱為送氣音。)

Pat,tab,cold

C. When the sound t is in front of an unstressed syllable, North American English speakers say it like a fast d. This sound is voiced. (當 t 這個音出現在輕音節之前，北美說英語的人士說起來像是很快的 d。這個音是有聲的。)

Butter,forty,little,waiter,witting,united

D. The vowel in front of a final b, d, or g is slightly longer than the vowel in front of a final p, t, or k. (字最後是 b，d 或 g 之前的母音比字最後是 p，t 或 k 之前的母音來得長一點。)

Cap,bat,back v.s. cab,bad,bag

Practice1

Voiced

Bear,jeep,zip,gap,veal

Unvoiced

Feel,cheap,three

Time

Practice2

Voiced

Leave,bad,rise,breathe

Unvoiced

At,lap,rich,rice

Plural nouns and singular present-tense verbs can end with the letters s or es. These endings are pronounced three different ways. (複數名詞和單數現在式動詞是以 s 或 es 結尾。這些字尾有三種不同的發音。)

The final s in books is pronounced /s/. The final s in shoes is pronounced /z/. The final es in glasses is pronounced /Iz/. (books 中最後的 s 發音是 /s/。 shoes 中最後的 s 發音是 /z/。glasses 中最後的 es 發音是/Iz/。)

The s ending is pronounced /s/ after unvoiced sounds. Unvoiced sounds are sounds that you make without vibrating your vocal cords--for example, /k/, /p/, and /t/. (字結 s 在無聲的發音之後發 /s/ 的音。無聲的發音是指你沒有振動聲帶所發出的聲音--例如，/k/，/p/ 和 /t/。)

His company makes computer chips.

The s ending is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds. When you say a voiced sound, you can feel a vibration in your throat. (字結 s 在有聲的發音之後發 /z/ 的音。當你在說有聲的發音時，你可以感覺到你喉嚨的振動。)

He loves his jobs.

字尾 s 在 sh，ch，j，s，z，x 和 /3/，如在 measure 此字中的發音之後，發 iz 的音。

She wishes she were two sizes smaller.

s-

talks,seats,drinks,hopes,pilots

z-

agrees,arrivals,reserves,boards,delays

iz

pleases,suitcases,dresses,approaches;taxes

Practice2

-s

Laughs,Tips,presents,speaks,tariffs

-z

Delivers,Sales,jobs,computers,solutions

-iz

Wishes,watches,faxes,images

The past tense ending ed has three pronunciations: /t/, /d/, and /Id/.(過去式的結尾 ed 有三種發音： /t/，/d/ 和 /Id/。)

The past tense ending ed is pronounced /t/ after unvoiced sounds (except /t/). Unvoiced sounds are sounds that you make without vibrating your vocal cords--for example, /f/ and /k/.(過去式的結尾 ed 在無聲子音(除了 /t/)的後面發 /t/ 的音。無聲的發音是指你沒有振動聲帶發出來的聲音--例如， /f/ 和 /k/。)

He laughed at my joke.

They watched a football game on TV.

They danced all night.

The past tense ending ed is pronounced /d/ after voiced sounds (except /d/). Voiced sounds are all vowels and some consonants. When you say a voiced sound, you can feel a vibration in your throat.(過去式的結尾 ed 在有聲子音(除了 /d/)的後面發 /d/ 的音。有聲的發音都是母音和一些子音。當你說一個有聲的發音時，你可以感覺到喉嚨的振動。)

He played baseball.

He robbed a bank.

It rained for a week.

The past tense ending ed is pronounced  /Id/ after the sounds /t/ and /d/.(過去式的結尾 ed 在 /t/ 和 /d/ 的發音後面發 /Id/ 的音。)

He painted his house.

The plane landed on time.

-t

Guessed,clicked,tyed,rushed

-d

Confirmed,summarized,burned,agreed

-id

Projected,debated,printed,presented

Practice2

-t

Missed,stopped,picked,wished

-d

Tried,called,disturbed,solved

-id

Ended,pomoted,negotiated,wanted

發音和拼字

The letters a, e, i, o, and u can be pronounced with long vowel sounds or short vowel sounds. Long vowels are pronounced like the names of the letters of the alphabet. Short vowels are pronounced in a variety of ways. Click on the speaker icons to listen to the vowel sounds. Then practice saying the sounds.(a，e，i，o 和 u 這些字母的發音可以是長母音或短母音。長母音的發音就像這些字在字母中的發音。短母音 的發音有各種不同的方式。)

Words with long vowel sounds may have a silent e at the end. Words with short vowel sounds usually don't end with a silent e.(長母音的字在字尾可能有一個無聲的 e。短母音的字,通常字尾沒有無聲的 e。)

Long Vowels :words with Silent e

Fate,hide,note,cute

Short Vowel :words with no silent e

Fat,hid,not,cut

Long vowel sounds may also come before a second vowel. Short vowel sounds are usually between two consonants.(長母音也可能在第二個母音之前。短母音通常是在兩個子音之間。)

Long Vowels: words with double vowels

Bait,meet,lied,coat

Short vowels :words with single vowels

Bat,met,lid,cot

Long Vowel: meet,fuse,beat,wine,mute

Short vowel:met,fuss,bet,rod,bat

The letters c and g can be pronounced as hard consonants or soft consonants. In this presentation, click on a speaker icon to hear a word. (c 和 g 這兩個字母可以發硬音或軟音。)

The hard pronunciation is usually in front of the letters a, o, and u.(發硬音的子音通常是在 a，o 和 u 這些字母之前。)

Hard c: cap,cop,cup,decorate

Hard g:gas,go,gun

(The soft pronunciation is usually in front of the letters e, i, and y.)發軟音的子音通常是在 e，i 和 y 這些字母之前。

Soft c:

Ace,center,city,bicycle

Soft g

(There are always some exceptions to the rule.)Gentle,cage,garage,giraffe,imagine,gym

規則總會有一些例外。

Get,gift,baggy

Hard:cup,guess,organiz,gift,curious,image

子音群: 字首的字群

(Groups of consonants with no vowel sounds between them are called consonant clusters. Sometimes a consonant cluster occurs at the beginning of a word.)中間沒有穿插母音的子音部分叫做子音群。有時子音群會出現在字首。

Train,dress,please,sport,throw,broke,clean,sky

即使你很會發英語子音，但遇到子音群時你可能很難發音。

Splash,street,square,scream

Non-native English speakers sometimes have difficulty pronouncing consonants in groups. They sometimes insert a vowel or extra syllable between or in front of the consonants. If you add an extra vowel, listeners may misunderstand you.(英語非母語者有時發子音群的音會有困難。他們有時會在子音群當中或前面插入一個母音或多餘的音節。如果你多加一個母音，聽的人可能會誤解。)

Sports,supports; blow,below; steam,esteem

子音群: 字尾的字群

Groups of consonants with no vowel sounds between them are called consonant clusters. Sometimes a consonant cluster occurs at the end of a word.(中間沒有穿插母音的子音部分叫做子音群。有時子音群會出現在字尾。)

Act,needs,built,robbed,strength

Tempt,hearts,builds,thinks,wants

Native speakers of English sometimes simplify consonant clusters at the ends of words. This means they don't pronounce one of the consonant sounds. When the cluster contains three sounds, speakers often will drop the middle consonant sound.(英語人士有時會簡化字尾的子音群。這表示他們其中一個子音不發音。當子音群有三個音時，說話者常常會省略中間的子音。)

Those are the facts.->Those are the facs.

There are two shifts.->There are two shifs.

I need the transcripts.->I need the transcrips.

There are many kinds,->There are many kins.

I asked her twice.->I asd her twice.

It lasts a long time.->It lass a long time.

I divided it into fifths.->I divided it into fifs.

He has new clothes.->He has new clos.